Concussion Treatment Guide
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by a sudden jolt or impact to the head or body, leading to the brain shifting inside the skull. Despite being labeled as “mild,” concussions can have significant short- and long-term effects on brain function, especially when left undiagnosed or mismanaged.
This comprehensive guide offers updated, evidence-based information on how to identify, treat, and recover from a concussionâwhether you’re a patient, a caregiver, or a concerned loved one.
Understanding how to manage concussions is critical.
Early intervention plays a pivotal role in preventing complications and achieving a full recovery.
This guide is designed to help you navigate each step of the process, from symptom recognition to safe return to daily life.
What Is a Concussion?
A concussion occurs when biomechanical forces disrupt normal brain function. These forces may not cause structural damage visible on imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, but they induce temporary physiological dysfunction (Giza & Hovda, 2014).
Common causes include:
- Falls
- Sports-related impacts
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Physical assaults
Children and older adults are especially vulnerable to concussion-related complications, even after minor falls. Among athletes, repeated concussions without adequate healing time can contribute to long-term neurological decline and conditions like Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) (McCrory et al., 2017).
Recognizing Concussion Symptoms
Concussion symptoms vary widely in presentation and timing. Some appear immediately, while others surface hours or even days later. Physical symptoms such as headaches, nausea, dizziness, and blurred vision may signal an injury.
Cognitively, individuals might struggle with concentration or memory lapses. Emotional and behavioral changes, including irritability or mood swings, are also common. Sleep patterns may be disrupted, with either hypersomnia or insomnia.
Notably, not all concussions involve loss of consciousness. Because many symptoms are subtle or subjective, concussions are often overlooked. Any noticeable changes in behavior, physical coordination, or thinking after a head injury warrant a clinical evaluation.
How Concussions Are Diagnosed?
Concussions are a primary area of focus within the field of Clinical Neuropsychology, particularly due to their impact on cognitive, emotional, and neurological functioning.
Neuropsychologists are often involved in evaluating the effects of concussion on attention, memory, and executive function.
These evaluations not only guide treatment but also inform accommodations in school, work, or legal settings.
Additionally, concussions are closely associated with the broader category of neurodegenerative disease. When left untreated or when repeated over time, concussions may contribute to cognitive decline and increase the risk of developing conditions such as dementia or other neurodegenerative syndromes.
A concussion happens when sudden biomechanical forces disrupt the brainâs normal function. These forces may not leave any visible signs on MRI or CT scans, yet they can cause temporary physiological changes that impact thinking, balance, mood, and sleep (Giza & Hovda, 2014).
Common causes include:
- Falls
- Sports-related impacts
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Physical assaults
Children and older adults tend to be especially vulnerable to complications, even after what might seem like a minor fall. In athletes, repeated concussions without proper healing time can lead to long-term neurological issues, including Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) (McCrory et al., 2017).
The First 72 Hours: Critical Treatment Window
The initial three days after a concussion are vital to recovery. Rest remains essential, but contemporary research shows that complete isolation is no longer recommended. Instead, the focus has shifted toward symptom-limited activity (Silverberg & Iverson, 2013).
In the first 24â48 hours, patients are advised to:
- Avoid screens, bright lights, and loud environments
- Engage in minimal cognitive effort
- Maintain hydration and proper nutrition
- Prioritize quality sleep
After this period, light mental activity such as listening to soft music or brief conversations may support recovery.
Returning to daily activities should be supervised by a healthcare provider to avoid setbacks or second-impact syndrome.
When to Seek Medical Attention?
While most concussions resolve with proper care, some cases require medical evaluation. Seek professional help if:
- Symptoms persist beyond 10 days
- There is a loss of consciousness
- Emotional or cognitive symptoms worsen or emerge
Children and teens should always be assessed due to their increased vulnerability (Halstead et al., 2013).
At Sessions, we specialize in individualized concussion treatment plans that integrate neurological, psychological, and lifestyle components for holistic recovery.
Concussion Recovery Timeline
Recovery varies greatly by individual. Factors influencing the healing process include age, injury severity, history of previous concussions, and pre-existing conditions (Iverson & Gardner, 2021).
Below is a general guide to recovery:
| Timeframe | Recovery Milestones |
|---|---|
| Days 1â3 | Rest, monitor symptoms, avoid physical or cognitive exertion |
| Days 4â7 | Gradual reintroduction of non-strenuous activity as tolerated |
| Week 2â3 | Resume light work/school duties; adjustments may still be necessary |
| Week 4+ | Most symptoms should subside; persistent symptoms may indicate PCS |
Rushing back into daily routines or athletic activities before full recovery significantly increases the risk of prolonged symptoms and additional injury.
Returning to Work, School, and Sports
A structured, phased approach is essential for safely reintegrating into daily activities. The CDCâs “Return to Learn” and “Return to Play” protocols emphasize the importance of progressing through recovery in manageable stages.
For students, returning part-time with accommodations like extra breaks or reduced workloads may be necessary. Professionals are encouraged to limit multitasking and screen time, scheduling breaks to avoid fatigue. Athletes must wait until completely symptom-free before resuming physical activity, under medical supervision.
At Sessions, our team guides patients through customized return-to-function strategies based on individual recovery markers.
Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS)
Approximately 10â20% of individuals develop PCS, which includes symptoms like chronic headaches, fatigue, mood disturbances, and cognitive issues. PCS is more prevalent in individuals with a history of mental health challenges or previous head trauma (Iverson & Gardner, 2021). Though the causes are still being researched, early therapeutic intervention has shown to improve outcomes.
Treatment often includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), physical or occupational therapy, and medication management when necessary.
Support for Caregivers
Caregivers play a crucial role in recovery. Your support helps reinforce healthy habits and emotional stability. Concussion-related symptoms may cause frustration, forgetfulness, or mood changes. Patience and empathy are essential.
If symptoms escalate or shift unexpectedly, prompt communication with a healthcare provider can make a significant difference.
Maintaining a stable routine, encouraging rest, and monitoring for emotional changes are key contributions caregivers can make during recovery.
Preventing Concussions
While not all concussions are avoidable, risks can be reduced. Using protective gear during sports, modifying home environments to prevent falls, and increasing awareness among coaches, teachers, and parents can significantly reduce the occurrence of brain injuries.
Programs like the CDC’s HEADS UP initiative offer educational resources that improve early recognition and response (CDC, 2023).
Start Your Recovery with Expert SupportâIn Person or Online
At Sessions, we provide personalized, interdisciplinary care for individuals recovering from concussionsâwhether the symptoms are new or have been lingering for some time.
Our comprehensive approach integrates both physical rehabilitation and mental health services to support every aspect of your recovery. Our team, led by professionals like Dr. Mel Corpus, offers expert evaluations, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and rehabilitation strategies designed to help you safely return to daily life, school, or sports.
With both in-person and vĂa online options available in New York, Beverly Hills, and nationwide, weâre here to walk with you through every step of your recovery. Schedule your consultation today and take control of your healing journey.